1. Intshayelelo

I-Antimony, njengentsimbi ebalulekileyo engeyona i-ferrous, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-flame retardants, i-alloys, i-semiconductors kunye nezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, i-antimony ores kwindalo ihlala ihlala kunye ne-arsenic, ekhokelela kumxholo ophezulu we-arsenic kwi-antimony ekrwada echaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-antimony. Eli nqaku lazisa ngokucwangcisiweyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa i-arsenic ekuhlanjululweni kwe-antimony ekrwada, kubandakanywa ukucocwa kwe-pyrometallurgical, ukucocwa kwe-hydrometallurgical, kunye nokucocwa kwe-electrolytic, ichaza imigaqo yabo, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye neenzuzo / izinto ezingalunganga.

2. I-Pyrometallurgical Refining ye-Arsenic Removal

2.1 Indlela yokuSungula iAlkaline

2.1.1 Umgaqo

Indlela yokucoca i-alkaline isusa i-arsenic esekelwe ekuphenduleni phakathi kwe-arsenic kunye ne-alkali yensimbi yeekhompawundi ukwenza i-arsenate. Iinxaki ezingundoqo zokusabela:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 UkuHamba kweNkqubo

1. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezikrwada: Gcoba i-antimony ekrwada ibe ngamasuntswana angama-5-10mm kwaye udibanise nothuthu lwesoda (Na₂CO₃) kumlinganiselo wobunzima be-10:1
2. Ukunyibilika: Fudumeza kwiziko elibuyisela umva ukuya kuma-850-950°C, ubambe iiyure ezi-2-3.
3. I-Oxidation: Yazisa umoya oxinanisiweyo (uxinzelelo 0.2-0.3MPa), izinga lokuhamba 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Ukwenziwa kwe-Slag: Yongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-saltpeter (NaNO₃) njenge-oxidant, idosi ye-3-5% yobunzima be-antimony
5. Ukususwa kwe-Slag: Emva kokuzinza imizuzu engama-30, susa i-slag yomhlaba
6. Phinda usebenze: Phinda inkqubo engentla 2-3 amaxesha

2.1.3 Inkqubo yoLawulo lweParameter

• Ulawulo lobushushu: Elona qondo lobushushu 900±20°C
• Idosi yealkali: Lungisa ngokomxholo we-arsenic, ngokuqhelekileyo i-8-12% yobunzima be-antimony
• Ixesha le-oxidation: iiyure ze-1-1.5 ngomjikelezo we-oxidation

2.1.4 Ubuchule bokususa iArsenic

Inokunciphisa umxholo we-arsenic ukusuka kwi-2-5% ukuya kwi-0.1-0.3%

2.2 Indlela ye-Oxidative Volatilization

2.2.1 Umgaqo

Isebenzisa uphawu lokuba i-arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) iguquguquka ngakumbi kune-antimony oxide. I-As₂O₃ iguquguquka kwi-193°C kuphela, ngelixa i-Sb₂O₃ ifuna i-656°C.

2.2.2 UkuHamba kweNkqubo

1. Ukunyibilikiswa kwe-oxidative: Ubushushu kwi-oven ejikelezayo ukuya kuma-600-650°C ngentshayelelo yomoya.
2. Unyango lwerhasi yomkhuhlane: Ukujiya kwaye ubuyise i-As₂O₃
3. Ukunciphisa ukunyibilika: Nciphisa izinto eziseleyo kwi-1200 ° C nge-coke
4. Ukucokisa: Yongeza intwana yothuthu lwesoda ukuze uhlambuluke ngakumbi

2.2.3 Iiparamitha eziphambili

• Ugxininiso lweoksijini: 21-28%
• Ixesha lokuhlala: iiyure ze-4-6
• Isantya sokujikeleza kwe-Kiln: 0.5-1r / min

3. I-Hydrometallurgical Refining ye-Arsenic Removal

3.1 Indlela ye-Alkali Sulfide Leaching

3.1.1 Umgaqo

Isebenzisa uphawu lokuba i-arsenic sulfide inokunyibilika okuphezulu kwizisombululo ze-alkali sulfide kune-antimony sulfide. Eyona mpendulo:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ayinyibiliki

3.1.2 UkuHamba kweNkqubo

1. ISulfidation: Xuba umgubo okrwada we-antimony nesalfure kwi-1:0.3 mass ratio, sulfidize ku-500°C ngeyure enye.
2. I-Leaching: Sebenzisa isisombululo se-2mol / L Na₂S, umlinganiselo we-liquid-solid 5: 1, ugxobhoze kwi-80 ° C ngeeyure ze-2
3. Uhluzo: Isihluzo esine-filtration press, intsalela iphantsi-arsenic antimony concentrate
4. UkuHlaziywa ngokutsha: Yazisa i-H₂S kwifiltrate ukuze uvelise kwakhona i-Na₂S

3.1.3 Iimeko zeNkqubo

• Ugxininiso lwe-Na₂S: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Ukuvuza pH: 12-13
• Ukusebenza kakuhle: njengoko> 90%, ilahleko ye-Sb <5%

3.2 Indlela ye-Acidic Oxidative Leaching

3.2.1 Umgaqo

Isebenzisa i-arsenic's oxidation lula kwiimeko ze-acidic, isebenzisa i-oxidants efana ne-FeCl₃ okanye i-H₂O₂ yokuchithwa okukhethiweyo.

3.2.2 UkuHamba kweNkqubo

1. I-Leaching: Kwisisombululo se-1.5mol / L HCl, yongeza i-0.5mol / L FeCl₃, umlinganiselo we-liquid-solid 8: 1
2. Ulawulo olunokwenzeka: Gcina amandla e-oxidation kwi-400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Ukwahlula okuqinileyo kolwelo: Ukuhluzwa kwevacuum, thumela ifiltrate kwi-arsenic recovery
4. Ukuhlamba: Hlamba intsalela yesihluzi amaxesha ama-3 nge-dilute hydrochloric acid

4. Indlela yokucoca i-Electrolytic

4.1 Umgaqo

Isebenzisa umahluko kwi-deposition potentials phakathi kwe-antimony (+0.212V) kunye ne-arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 UkuHamba kweNkqubo

1. Ukulungiswa kwe-anode: Phosa i-antimony ekrwada kwiipleyiti ze-anode ezingama-400×600×20mm
2. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, i-additive (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Iimeko zombane:
   • Uxinzelelo lwangoku: 120-150A/m²
   • Umbane weSeli: 0.4-0.6V
   • Ubushushu: 30-35°C
   • Umgama we-Electrode: 100mm
4. Umjikelo: Susa kwiseli rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-10

4.3 Izalathisi zobuGcisa

• Cathode antimony ukucoceka: ≥99.85%
• Izinga lokususwa kwe-arsenic:> 95%
• Ukusebenza kwangoku: 85-90%

5. IiTekhnoloji ezikhulayo zeArsenic Removal

5.1 Ivacuum Distillation

Ngaphantsi kwe-0.1-10Pa i-vacuum, isebenzisa umahluko woxinzelelo lomphunga (Nje: 133Pa kwi-550 ° C, i-Sb ifuna i-1000 ° C).

5.2 I-Plasma Oxidation

Isebenzisa i-plasma yobushushu obuphantsi (5000-10000K) ngokukhetha i-arsenic oxidation, ixesha elifutshane lokucwangcisa (10-30min), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.

6. Uthelekiso lweNkqubo kunye neeNgcebiso zokuKhetha

Izindululo zoKhetho:

• Ukutya okune-arsenic ephezulu (As>3%): Khetha ialkali sulfide leaching
• I-arsenic ephakathi (0.5-3%): Ukucoca i-alkaline okanye i-electrolysis
• Iimfuno ezisezantsi ze-arsenic eziphezulu zokucoceka: Ukucocwa kwe-Electrolytic kuyacetyiswa

7. Isiphelo

Ukususwa kwe-arsenic kwi-antimony ekrwada kufuna uqwalaselo olubanzi lweempawu zemathiriyeli ekrwada, iimfuno zemveliso, kunye noqoqosho. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-pyrometallurgical zinomthamo omkhulu kodwa uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lokusingqongileyo; iindlela ze-hydrometallurgical zinongcoliseko oluncinci kodwa iinkqubo ezinde; iindlela ze-electrolytic zivelisa ubunyulu obuphezulu kodwa zidla amandla amaninzi. Izalathiso zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo ziquka:

1. Ukuphuhlisa izongezo ezidibeneyo ezidibeneyo
2. Ukuphucula iinkqubo ezininzi ezidibeneyo
3. Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-arsenic
4. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kongcoliseko