Isulfure yinto engeyiyo intsimbi enophawu lwekhemikhali S kunye nenani leatom elingu-16. Isalfa esulungekileyo yikristale etyheli, ekwaziwa ngokuba yisulfure okanye isulfure emthubi. I-Elemental sulphur ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika kancinane kwi-ethanol, kwaye inyibilika lula kwi-carbon disulfideCS.2.
1.Iimpawu zomzimba
- Isulfure iqhelekile ukuba yikristale emthubi ephaphathekileyo, ayinavumba kwaye ayinancasa.
- I-Sulfur ine-allotropes ezininzi, zonke zenziwe nge-S8iimolekyuli ze-cyclic. Ezona zixhaphakileyo yi-orthorhomb sulfur (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) kunye ne-monoclinic sulfur (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-β-sulfur).
- Isulfure ye-Orthorhombic luhlobo oluzinzileyo lwesulfure, kwaye xa ishushu malunga ne-100 °C, inokupholiswa ukufumana isulfure ye-monoclinic. Ubushushu benguqu phakathi kwesulfure ye-orthorhombic kunye nesulfure ye-monoclinic yi-95.6 °C.isulfure ye-orhombic kuphela kwendlela ezinzileyo yesulfure kwiqondo lokushisa. Ifom yayo ecocekileyo i-yellow-green (i-sulfure ethengiswa kwimarike ibonakala iphuzi ngakumbi ngenxa yobukho bemilinganiselo ye-cycloheptasulfur). Isulfure ye-Orthorhombic eneneni ayinyibiliki emanzini, ine-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal, sisigqubuthelo sombane esilungileyo.
- Isulfure yeMonoclinic ziikristale ezininzi ezifana nenaliti ezishiyeke emva kokunyibilikisa isulfure kunye nokugalela ulwelo olugqithisileyo. I-Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulphur zizinto ezahlukeneyo zesulfure ye-elemental kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. I-Monoclinic sulphur izinzile kuphela ngaphezulu kwe-95.6 ℃, kwaye kwiqondo lobushushu, iguquka kancinane ibe yisulfure ye-orthorhombic. Indawo yokunyibilika yesulfure ye-orthorhombic yi-112.8℃, indawo yokunyibilika yesulfure ye-monoclinic yi-119℃. Zombini zinyibilika kakhulu kwi-CS2.
- Kukwakho ne-elastic sulfur. I-Elastic sulphur yi-eyellow emnyama, eqinileyo enwebekayo enganyibiliki kangako kwicarbon disulfide kunezinye iiallotropes sulphur. Ayinyibiliki emanzini kwaye ayinyibiliki kancinci etywaleni. Ukuba isulfure etyhidiweyo igalelwa ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo, i-sulfure ye-long-chain is fixed, i-stable elastic elastic. Nangona kunjalo, iya kuba nzima ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ibe yisulfure ye-monoclinic.
2.Iimpawu zeChemical
- Isulfure inokutshisa emoyeni, isabelane neoksijini yenze i-sulphur dioxide (SO₂) igesi.
- Isulfure idibana nazo zonke iihalogen xa kushushubezwa. Itshisa kwifluorine ukwenza i-sulphur hexafluoride. Ulwelo lwesulfure eneklorini ukwenza idichloride ecaphukisayo kakhulu (S2Cl2). Umxube wokulinganisa oqulethe i-sulphur dichloride ebomvu (SCl) inokuqulunqwa xa i-chlorine igqithise kwaye i-catalyst, njenge-FeCl3okanye SnI4,iyasetyenziswa.
- Isulfure inokusabela ngesisombululo se-potassium hydroxide (KOH) ukwenza i-potassium sulfide kunye ne-potassium thiosulfate.
- Isulfure ayisebenzi ngamanzi kunye ne-non-oxidizing acids. I-Sulfur iphendula kunye ne-nitric acid eshushu kunye ne-asidi yesulfuric exineneyo kwaye inokuthi ifakwe kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-sulfur dioxide.
3.Ibala lesicelo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamashishini
Olona setyenziso luphambili lwesulfure kukuvelisa iikhompawundi zesulfure ezifana nesulfuric acid, isulfites, thiosulfates,ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, kunye nemetal sulfides. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yokusetyenziswa kwesulfure yonyaka isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric. I-Sulfur ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yerabha evulziweyo. Xa irabha ekrwada ivulcanized ibe yirabha evulcanized, ifumana ukunwebeka okuphezulu, ukomelela kokumelana nobushushu, kunye nokunganyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo. Uninzi lweemveliso zerabha zenziwe ngerabha evulziweyo, eveliswa ngokusabela irabha ekrwada kunye ne-accelerator kumaqondo obushushu athile kunye noxinzelelo. Isulfure nayo iyafuneka kwimveliso yomgubo omnyama kunye nematshisi, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zikrwada zomlilo. Ukongezelela, isulfure ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwedayi ene-sulfurized kunye ne-pigments. Umzekelo, ukwenza i-calcining umxube we-kaolin, i-carbon, isulfure, umhlaba we-diatomaceous, okanye umgubo we-quartz unokuvelisa i-pigment eluhlaza ebizwa ngokuba yi-ultramarine. Umzi-mveliso weblitshi kunye neshishini loxubo-mayeza nazo zisebenzisa inxenye yesulfure.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango
Isulfure yenye yezinto ezifumaneka kumayeza amaninzi esifo solusu. Ngokomzekelo, ioli ye-tung ifudunyezwa ngesulfure kwi-sulfonate nge-asidi yesulfure kwaye ingathathi hlangothi ngamanzi e-ammonia ukufumana ioli ye-sulfonated tung. I-10% ye-ointment eyenziwe kuyo ine-anti-inflammatory and deelling effects kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kunye nokudumba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-09-2024