I-Sulfur yinto engeyontsimbi enophawu lwekhemikhali u-S kunye nenani le-athomu elingu-16. I-Sulfur ecocekileyo yikristale etyheli, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sulfur okanye i-sulfur etyheli. I-Elemental sulfur ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika kancinci kwi-ethanol, kwaye inyibilika lula kwi-carbon disulfideCS2.
1. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
- I-sulfur idla ngokuba yikristale emthubi okhanyayo, ayinavumba kwaye ayinancasa.
- I-sulfur inee-allotropes ezininzi, zonke ezenziwe yi-S8Iimolekyuli ezijikelezayo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo yi-orthorhomb sulfur (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-rhombic sulfur, i-α-sulfur) kunye ne-monoclinic sulfur (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-β-sulfur).
- I-Orthorhombic sulfur luhlobo oluzinzileyo lwesalfure, kwaye xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 °C, inokupholiswa ukuze kufunyanwe i-monoclinic sulfur. Ubushushu bokutshintsha phakathi kwe-orthorhombic sulfur kunye ne-monoclinic sulfur yi-95.6 °C. I-orhombic sulfur lolona hlobo luzinzileyo lwesalfure kubushushu begumbi. Uhlobo lwayo olucocekileyo luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-sulfur ethengiswayo kwimarike ibonakala ityheli ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba kukho inani elincinci le-cycloheptasulfur). I-Orthorhombic sulfur ayinyibiliki emanzini, ayina-thermal conductivity embi, kwaye iyindawo efanelekileyo yokukhusela umbane.
- I-Monoclinic sulfur ziikristale ezininzi ezifana nenaliti ezishiyekileyo emva kokunyibilikisa i-sulphur nokuthulula ulwelo olugqithisileyo. I-Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elemental sulfur kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. I-Monoclinic sulfur izinzile kuphela ngaphezu kwe-95.6 ℃, kwaye kumaqondo obushushu, itshintsha kancinci ibe yi-orthorhombic sulfur. Indawo yokunyibilikisa ye-orthorhombic sulfur yi-112.8℃, indawo yokunyibilikisa ye-monoclinic sulfur yi-119℃. Zombini zinyibilika kakhulu kwi-CS2.
- Kukwakho ne-elastic sulfur. I-elastic sulfur yi-elastic solid emnyama etyheli, ethambileyo enganyibilikiyo kakhulu kwi-carbon disulfide kunezinye i-allotropes sulfur. Ayinyibilikiyo emanzini kwaye inyibilikayo kancinci kwi-alcohol. Ukuba i-sulphur enyibilikisiweyo igalelwa ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo, i-long-chain sulfur iyaqina, i-elastic sulfur ethambileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iya kuqina ngokuhamba kwexesha ize ibe yi-monoclinic sulfur.
2. Iipropati zekhemikhali
- I-Sulfur ingatsha emoyeni, iphendulane neoksijini ukuze yenze i-sulfur dioxide (SO2)₂igesi.
- I-Sulfur idibana nazo zonke ii-halogens xa ifudunyezwa. Itsha kwi-fluorine ukuze yenze i-sulfur hexafluoride. I-sulfur engamanzi kunye ne-chlorine ukuze yenze i-disulfur dichloride ecaphukisayo kakhulu (S)2Cl2Umxube we-equilibrium oqulethe i-red sulfur dichloride (SCl) unokwenziwa xa i-chlorine ininzi kwaye iyi-catalyst, efana ne-FeCl2.3okanye i-SnI4,isetyenzisiwe.
- I-Sulfur inokusabela kwisisombululo se-potassium hydroxide (KOH) esishushu ukuze senze i-potassium sulfide kunye ne-potassium thiosulfate.
- I-Sulfur ayisebenzi namanzi kunye nee-asidi ezingezizo i-oxidizing. I-Sulfur iyasebenza ne-asidi ye-nitric eshushu kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric exineneyo kwaye ingafakwa i-oxidized ibe yi-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfur.
3. Intsimi yesicelo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa i-sulphur kukuvelisa iikhompawundi ze-sulphur ezifana ne-sulfuric acid, ii-sulfites, ii-thiosulfates, ii-ocyanates, i-sulphur dioxide, i-carbon disulfide, i-disulfur dichloride, i-trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, i-phosphorus sulf, kunye ne-metal sulfides. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% ye-sulphur esetyenziswa minyaka le kwihlabathi isetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-sulfuric acid. I-sulfur ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni i-rubber evulcanized. Xa i-rubber eluhlaza ivulcanized ibe yi-rubber evulcanized, ifumana ukuthamba okuphezulu, amandla okuxinana nobushushu, kunye nokunganyibiliki kwi-organic solvents. Uninzi lweemveliso zerabha zenziwe nge-vulcanized rubber, eveliswa ngokuphendula i-rabber eluhlaza kunye ne-accelerators kumaqondo obushushu athile kunye noxinzelelo. I-sulfur ikwafuneka ekuveliseni umgubo omnyama kunye ne-matches, kwaye yenye yezona zinto ziphambili eziluhlaza kwi-fireworks. Ukongeza, i-sulfur ingasetyenziswa ekuveliseni iidayi kunye nee-pigment ze-sulfurized. Umzekelo, ukunyibilikisa umxube we-kaolin, i-carbon, i-sulfur, i-diatomaceous earth, okanye i-quartz powder kunokuvelisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obizwa ngokuba yi-ultramarine. Ishishini le-bleach kunye neshishini le-pharmacy likwasebenzisa i-sulfur encinci.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango
I-Sulfur yenye yezithako ezisetyenziswa kumayeza amaninzi ezifo zesikhumba. Umzekelo, i-tung oil ifudunyezwa nge-sulphur ukuze i-sulfonate kunye ne-sulphur acid ize inyibilikiswe ngamanzi e-ammonia ukuze kufunyanwe i-sulfonated tung oil. I-ointment ye-10% eyenziwe ngayo inefuthe lokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye nokudumba kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zokudumba kwesikhumba kunye nokudumba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-09-2024