Funda ngeBismuth

I-Bismuth yintsimbi emhlophe njengesilivere ukuya kwipinki ethambileyo kwaye kulula ukuyityumza. Iimpawu zayo zekhemikhali zizinzile. I-Bismuth ikhona kwindalo ngohlobo lwesinyithi esikhululekileyo kunye neeminerali.
1. [Indalo]
I-bismuth ecocekileyo yintsimbi ethambileyo, ngelixa i-bismuth engcolileyo ibuthathaka. Izinzile kubushushu begumbi. Iintsimbi zayo eziphambili yi-bismuthinite (Bi2S5) kunye ne-bismuth ocher (Bi2o5). I-bismuth engamanzi iyakhula xa iqina.
Iyaphuka kwaye ayinawo amandla okuqhuba umbane kunye nobushushu. I-Bismuth selenide kunye ne-telluride zineempawu ze-semiconductor.
I-Bismuth metal yintsimbi emhlophe (pinki) ukuya kwephuzi ekhanyayo, ethambileyo kwaye kulula ukuyityumza; kubushushu begumbi, i-bismuth ayisebenzi ngeoksijini okanye amanzi kwaye izinzile emoyeni. Ayinawo amandla ombane kunye nobushushu; i-bismuth ngaphambili yayithathwa njengeyona nto izinzileyo kakhulu enobunzima obukhulu be-athomu, kodwa ngo-2003, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-bismuth ayinayo i-radioactive kwaye inokubola ibe yi-thallium-205 ngokubola kwe-α. Ubomi bayo obufutshane bumalunga ne-1.9X10^19 yeminyaka, eliphindwe kabini ubomi bendalo iphela.
2. Isicelo
i-semiconductor
Izinto ze-semiconductor ezenziwe ngokudibanisa i-bismuth ecocekileyo kakhulu kunye ne-tellurium, i-selenium, i-antimony, njl.njl. kwaye iikristale zokudonsa zisetyenziselwa ii-thermocouples, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-thermoelectric obushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-thermorefrigeration. Zisetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ii-air conditioners kunye neefriji. I-bismuth sulfide yokwenziwa ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-photoresistor kwizixhobo ze-photoelectric ukwandisa uvakalelo kummandla we-spectrum ebonakalayo.
Ishishini leNyukliya
I-bismuth ecocekileyo kakhulu isetyenziswa njengesithwali sobushushu okanye isibandisi kwii-reactors zoshishino lwenyukliya kwaye isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhusela izixhobo zokuqhekeka kweeathom.
Iiseramiki ze-elektroniki
Iiceramics ze-elektroniki eziqulathe i-bismuth ezifana neekristale ze-germanate ze-bismuth luhlobo olutsha lweekristale ezikhanyayo ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni izixhobo zokufumana imitha yenyukliya, iiskena ze-X-ray tomography, ii-electro-optics, ii-piezoelectric lasers kunye nezinye izixhobo; i-bismuth calcium vanadium (i-pomegranate ferrite yinto ebalulekileyo ye-microwave gyromagnetic kunye nezinto ze-magnetic cladding), i-bismuth oxide-doped zinc oxide varistors, ii-bismuth-containing boundary layer high-frequency ceramic capacitors, iimagnethi ezisisigxina ze-tin-bismuth, iiceramics kunye neepowders ze-bismuth titanate, iikristale ze-bismuth silicate, iglasi ye-fusible equlathe i-bismuth kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphezu kwe-10 nazo ziqalile ukusetyenziswa kushishino.
Unyango lwezonyango
Iikhompawundi zeBismuth zinefuthe lokungatyibiliki, ukulwa norhudo, kunye nonyango lwe-dyspepsia yesisu. I-Bismuth subcarbonate, i-bismuth subnitrate, kunye ne-potassium bismuth subrubberate zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza esisu. Isiphumo sokungatyibiliki kwamayeza e-bismuth sisetyenziswa kutyando ukunyanga ukwenzakala kunye nokuyeka ukopha. Kwi-radiotherapy, ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-bismuth zisetyenziswa endaweni ye-aluminium ukwenza iipleyiti zokukhusela izigulane ukuthintela ezinye iindawo zomzimba ekubeni zichatshazelwe yimitha. Ngophuhliso lwamayeza e-bismuth, kufunyenwe ukuba amanye amayeza e-bismuth anefuthe lokulwa nomhlaza.
Izongezo zeMetallurgical
Ukongeza ii-trace amounts ze-bismuth kwintsimbi kunokuphucula iipropati zokucubungula intsimbi, kwaye ukongeza ii-trace amounts ze-bismuth kwisinyithi esinyibilikayo kunokuyenza ibe neepropati ezifana nezentsimbi engagqwaliyo.