I. Unyango lwangaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokucocwa okuphambili
- Ukulungiswa kweCadmium Feedstock ecocekileyo kakhulu
- Ukuhlamba nge-asidi: Nxiba ii-ingots ze-cadmium ezikumgangatho wezimboni kwisisombululo se-nitric acid esingu-5%-10% kwi-40-60°C kangangeyure e-1-2 ukususa ii-oxides ezingaphezulu kunye nokungcola kwesinyithi. Hlamba ngamanzi acocekileyo de i-pH engathathi hlangothi kwaye womise nge-vacuum.
- Ukuntywiliselwa kwe-Hydrometallurgical: Phatha inkunkuma equlethe i-cadmium (umz., i-copper-cadmium slag) nge-sulfuric acid (15-20% concentration) kwi-80-90°C kangangeeyure ezi-4-6, ufezekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-≥95% ye-cadmium leaching. Hluza kwaye wongeze umgubo we-zinc (umlinganiselo we-1.2-1.5 ophindwe kabini) ukuze ufumane i-sponge cadmium
- Ukunyibilikisa nokuphosa
- Faka i-sponge cadmium kwii-graphite crucibles ezicocekileyo kakhulu, zinyibilike phantsi komoya we-argon kwi-320-350°C, uze uzigalele kwiimolds ze-graphite ukuze ziphole kancinci. Yenza ii-ingots ezinobunzima obuyi-≥8.65 g/cm³
II. Ukucocwa kweNdawo
- Izixhobo kunye neeParameters
- Sebenzisa izitofu zokunyibilikisa ezithe tyaba ezinobubanzi be-5-8 mm, isantya sokuhamba se-3-5 mm/h, kunye neepaseji zokucokisa eziyi-8-12. I-Gradient yobushushu: 50-80°C/cm; i-vacuum ≤10⁻³ Pa
- Ukwahlulwahlulwa kobumdaka: Indawo ephindaphindwayo idlula i-concentrate lead, i-zinc, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kumsila we-ingot. Susa icandelo lokugqibela elinobumdaka obuyi-15-20%, ufezekise ubumsulwa obuphakathi ≥99.999%
- Ulawulo oluPhambili
- Ubushushu bendawo enyibilikisiweyo: 400-450°C (ngaphezulu kancinci kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwe-cadmium le-321°C);
- Izinga lokuphola: 0.5-1.5°C/min ukunciphisa iziphene ze-lattice;
- Izinga lokuhamba kwe-Argon: 10-15 L/min ukuthintela i-oxidation
III. Ukucocwa kwe-Electrolytic
- Ukwenziwa kwe-Electrolyte
- Ukwakheka kwe-Electrolyte: I-Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) kunye ne-sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), kunye ne-gelatin eyi-0.01-0.05 g/L yongezwa ukuphucula uxinano lwe-cathode deposit
- Iiparameter zeNkqubo
- I-Anode: Ipleyiti ye-cadmium ekrwada; I-Cathode: Ipleyiti ye-titanium;
- Uxinano lwangoku: 80-120 A/m²; I-voltage yeseli: 2.0-2.5 V;
- Ubushushu be-Electrolysis: 30-40°C; Ubude bexesha: iiyure ezingama-48-72; Ubumsulwa be-Cathode ≥99.99%
IV. Ukucoca ngeVacuum Reduction
- Ukunciphisa noKwahlula amaqondo obushushu aphezulu
- Beka ii-ingots ze-cadmium kwisithando somoya (uxinzelelo ≤10⁻² Pa), faka i-hydrogen njenge-reductant, uze uyifudumeze ukuya kwi-800-1000°C ukuze unciphise ii-cadmium oxides zibe yi-gaseous cadmium. Ubushushu be-Condenser: 200-250°C; Ubumsulwa bokugqibela ≥99.9995%
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kokususa ukungcola
- Intsalela yelothe, ubhedu, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zesinyithi ≤0.1 ppm;
- Umxholo weoksijini ≤5 ppm
Ukukhula kwekristale enye ye-V. Czochralski
- Ulawulo lokuNyibilika kunye noLungiselelo lweKrisimesi yeMbewu
- Faka ii-ingots ze-cadmium ezicocekileyo kakhulu kwii-crucibles ze-quartz ezicocekileyo kakhulu, zinyibilike phantsi kwe-argon kwi-340-360°C. Sebenzisa imbewu ye-cadmium enekristali enye egxile kwi-<100>-oriented (ububanzi obuyi-5-8 mm), efakwe kwi-800°C ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
- Iiparameter zokutsala iikristale
- Isantya sokutsala: 1.0-1.5 mm/min (inqanaba lokuqala), 0.3-0.5 mm/min (ukukhula okuzinzileyo);
- Ukujikeleza okujikelezayo: 5-10 rpm (ukujikeleza okuchaseneyo);
- I-gradient yobushushu: 2-5°C/mm; Ukuguquguquka kobushushu bomdibaniso we-Solid-liquid ≤±0.5°C
- Iindlela Ezigqibeleleyo Zokucinezela Iziphene
- Uncedo lweMagnetic Field: Faka intsimi yemagnethi ye-axial ye-0.2-0.5 T ukuze ucinezele i-melt turbulence kwaye unciphise ukungcola;
- Ukupholisa okulawulwayoIzinga lokupholisa emva kokukhula kwe-10-20°C/h linciphisa iziphene zokukhubeka okubangelwa kuxinzelelo lobushushu.
VI. Ulawulo lweMpahla emva kokuCwangciswa kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
- Ukwenziwa kweCrystal Machining
- UkusikaSebenzisa iisarha zentambo yedayimani ukuze uzinqumle zibe zii-wafers ze-0.5-1.0 mm ngesantya sentambo se-20-30 m/s;
- Ukupolisha: Ukupholisha ngoomatshini bekhemikhali (i-CMP) ngomxube we-nitric acid-ethanol (umlinganiselo we-1:5 vol.), kufikelela kuburhabaxa bomphezulu weRa ≤0.5 nm.
- Imigangatho yoMgangatho
- UbunyuluI-GDMS (i-Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) iqinisekisa i-Fe, i-Cu, i-Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
- Ukuxhathisa: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (ubumsulwa ≥99.9999%);
- Ulwahlulo lwekristale: Ukuphambuka <0.5°; Uxinano lokuphuma kwindawo ≤10³/cm²
VII. Imiyalelo yoLungiso lweNkqubo
- Ukususwa kokungcola okujoliswe kuko
- Sebenzisa ii-resin ze-ion-exchange ukuze ufumane i-Cu, i-Fe, njl.njl., zidityaniswe nokucocwa kweendawo ezininzi ukuze ufumane ubumsulwa be-6N (99.9999%)
- Uphuculo lwe-Automation
- Ii-algorithms ze-AI zilungisa isantya sokutsala, ii-gradients zobushushu, njl.njl., zinyusa isivuno ukusuka kwi-85% ukuya kwi-93%;
- Nyusa ubungakanani bokubethelwa kwi-crucible ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-36, uvumela isitokhwe se-feed sebhetshi enye esingama-2800 kg, unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kwi-80 kWh/kg
- Uzinzo kunye nokuBuyiselwa kweZixhobo
- Ukuvuselela inkunkuma yokuhlamba i-asidi ngokutshintshiselana kwee-ion (ukubuyiswa kwe-Cd ≥99.5%);
- Phatha iigesi zokukhupha umoya nge-activated carbon adsorption + i-alkaline scrubbing (ukubuyiswa komphunga we-Cd ≥98%)
Isishwankathelo
Inkqubo yokukhula kunye nokucocwa kwekristale ye-cadmium idibanisa i-hydrometallurgy, ukucocwa komzimba okushushu kakhulu, kunye netekhnoloji yokukhula kwekristale echanekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-acid leaching, ukucocwa kwendawo, i-electrolysis, i-vacuum distillation, kunye nokukhula kweCzochralski—kunye ne-automation kunye neendlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo—ivumela ukuveliswa okuzinzileyo kweekristale ze-cadmium ezi-6N-grade ultra-high-purity. Ezi ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-nuclear detectors, izixhobo ze-photovoltaic, kunye nezixhobo ze-semiconductor eziphambili. Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo luya kugxila ekukhuleni kwekristale enkulu, ukwahlulwa kokungcola okujoliswe kuko, kunye nemveliso ye-low-carbon.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-06-2025