I. Ukunyangwa kweMathiriyeli eRaw kunye nokuCwangciswa okuPhambili
- ...ULungiselelo lwe-Cadmium Feedstock ecocekileyo ePhezulu...
- ...Ukuhlamba ngeAcidi: Gxininisa i-ingots ye-cadmium ye-industrial-grade kwi-5% -10% isisombululo se-nitric acid kwi-40-60 ° C kwiiyure ze-1-2 ukususa i-oxides yomhlaba kunye nokungcola kwesinyithi. Hlamba ngamanzi adiyoniweyo de ibe yi-pH engathathi hlangothi kunye ne-vacuum yomile.
- ...UkuLeaching ngeHydrometallurgical: Phatha inkunkuma ene-cadmium (umzekelo, i-copper-cadmium slag) nge-sulfuric acid (15-20%) kwi-80-90 ° C kwiiyure ze-4-6, ukuphumeza ≥95% ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-cadmium leaching. Hlunga kwaye wongeze i-zinc powder (i-1.2-1.5 amaxesha e-stoichiometric ratio) ukufuduswa ukufumana isiponji cadmium
- ...Ukunyibilika kunye nokuCasa...
- Layisha i-sponge cadmium kwi-high-purity graphite crucibles, inyibilika phantsi kwe-argon atmosphere kwi-320-350 ° C, kwaye ugalele kwi-graphite molds ukupholisa kancinci. Yenza ii-ingots ezinoxinano ≥8.65 g/cm³
II. Ukusulungekiswa kwendawo
- ...Izixhobo kunye neeParameters...
- Sebenzisa amaziko okunyibilikisa axwesileyo adadayo anobubanzi bezowuni enyibilikisiweyo eyi-5-8 mm, isantya esinqumlayo se-3-5 mm/h, kunye neepasile zokusulungekisa eziyi-8-12. Iqondo lokushisa: 50-80 ° C / cm; vacuum ≤10⁻³ Pa
- ...Ukwahlulwa kokungcola: Indawo ephindaphindwayo idlula ilothe, i-zinc, kunye nobunye ukungcola kumsila we-ingot. Susa icandelo lokugqibela le-15-20% yokungcola, ukufezekisa ukucoceka okuphakathi ≥99.999%
- ...Ulawulo oluphambili...
- Ubushushu bommandla onyibilikisiweyo: 400-450 ° C (kancinci ngaphezu kwendawo yokunyibilika ye-cadmium ye-321 ° C);
- Izinga lokupholisa: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min ukunciphisa iziphene ze-lattice;
- Isantya sokuhamba kweArgon: 10-15 L / min ukukhusela i-oxidation
III. Electrolytic Refining
- ...Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Electrolyte...
- Ukubunjwa kwe-Electrolyte: I-Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric (pH 2-3), kunye ne-0.01-0.05 g/L igelatin eyongeziweyo ukunyusa ubuninzi bediphozithi ye-cathode
- ...Iiparamitha zeNkqubo...
- Inode: Ipleyiti yecadmium ekrwada; I-Cathode: ipleyiti yeTitanium;
- Uxinaniso lwangoku: 80-120 A/m²; Umbane weseli: 2.0-2.5 V;
- Ubushushu be-Electrolysis: 30-40 ° C; Ubude bexesha: iiyure ezingama-48-72; Ukucoceka kweCathode ≥99.99%.
IV. I-vacuum yokuNcitshiswa kweDistillation
- ...UkuNcitshiswa kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokwahlula...
- Beka i-cadmium ingots kwi-vacuum furnace (uxinzelelo ≤10⁻² Pa), yazisa i-hydrogen njenge-reductant, kunye nobushushu kwi-800-1000 ° C ukunciphisa i-cadmium oxides kwi-cadmium yegesi. Ubushushu beCondenser: 200-250 ° C; Ukucoceka kokugqibela ≥99.9995%
- ...UkuSebenza kokususwa kokungcola...
- I-lead eseleyo, ubhedu, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zetsimbi ≤0.1 ppm;
- Umxholo weoksijini ≤5 ppm
V. Czochralski Ukukhula kweCrystal enye
- ...Ukulawula ukunyibilika kunye nokuLungisa iCrystal yeMbewu...
- Layisha i-ingots ye-cadmium ecocekileyo kwi-high-purity quartz crucibles, inyibilika phantsi kwe-argon kwi-340-360 ° C. Sebenzisa i-<100>-oriented single-crystal cadmium imbewu (i-diameter 5-8 mm), ifakwe ngaphambili kwi-800 ° C ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi
- ...Iiparamitha zokutsalwa kweCrystal...
- Isantya sokutsala: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (isigaba sokuqala), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (ukukhula okuzinzileyo);
- Ukujikeleza kweCrucible: 5-10 rpm (i-counter-rotation);
- Iqondo lobushushu: 2-5 ° C / mm; Ukuguquguquka kobushushu bojongano oluqinileyo-olwelo ≤±0.5°C
- ...IiTeknikhi zokuNciphisa isiphene...
- ...Uncedo lweMagnetic Field: Faka i-0.2-0.5 T ye-axial magnetic field ukucinezela isiphithiphithi sokunyibilika kunye nokunciphisa imida yokungcola;
- ...Ukupholisa okuLawulwayo: Izinga lokupholisa emva kokukhula kwe-10-20 ° C / h linciphisa iziphene zokususa ezibangelwa kuxinzelelo lwe-thermal.
VI. I-Post-Processing kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
- ...Crystal Machining...
- ...Ukusika: Sebenzisa iisarha zocingo lwedayimani ukucanda zibe yi-0.5-1.0 mm iiwafers ngesantya esiyi-20-30 m/s socingo;
- ...Ukugudisa: I-Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) kunye ne-nitric acid-ethanol umxube (1: 5 vol. ratio), ukuphumeza uburhabaxa bomphezulu i-Ra ≤0.5 nm.
- ...ImiGangatho yoMgangatho...
- ...Ubunyulu: I-GDMS (i-Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) iqinisekisa i-Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
- ...Ukuxhathisa: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (ubunyulu ≥99.9999%);
- ...Ukuqhelaniswa neCrystallographic: Ukutenxa <0.5 °; Uxinaniso lokususwa ≤10³/cm²
VII. Izalathiso zokuPhucula inkqubo
- ...Ukususwa kokungacoceki okucetyiweyo...
- Sebenzisa i-ion-exchange resins kwi-adsorption ekhethiweyo ye-Cu, i-Fe, njl., idityaniswe neendawo ezininzi zokucokisa ukufezekisa ukucoceka kwe-6N-grade (99.9999%)
- ...Uphuculo oluzenzekelayo...
- Ii-algorithms ze-AI zilungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza isantya sokutsala, iqondo lokushisa, njl., ukwandisa isivuno ukusuka kwi-85% ukuya kwi-93%;
- Ukunyusa ubungakanani obugayiweyo bufikelele kwi-intshi ezingama-36, okwenza ibhetshi enye yokutya ibe yi-2800 kg, yehlise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kuma-80 kWh/kg.
- ...Uzinzo kunye noBuyiselo lweZibonelelo...
- Hlaziya inkunkuma yokuhlamba i-asidi nge-ion exchange (i-Cd recovery ≥99.5%);
- Nyanga iigesi zokukhupha ngekhabhoni esebenzayo + i-alkaline scrubbing (ukubuyiswa komphunga we-Cd ≥98%)
Isishwankathelo
Ukukhula kwekristale yecadmium kunye nenkqubo yokucoca idibanisa i-hydrometallurgy, ubushushu obuphezulu bokucokisa umzimba, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuchanekileyo bokukhula kwekristale. Ngokusebenzisa i-acid leaching, ukucocwa kwendawo, i-electrolysis, i-vacuum distillation, kunye nokukhula kweCzochralski-kunye ne-automation kunye ne-eco-friendly practices-yenza imveliso ezinzileyo ye-6N-grade ultra-high-purity cadmium single crystals. Oku kuhlangabezana neemfuno zezixhobo zenyukliya, imathiriyeli ye-photovoltaic, kunye nezixhobo eziphambili ze-semiconductor. Ukuqhubela phambili kwexesha elizayo kuya kugxila ekukhuleni okukhulu kwekristale, ukwahlula okujoliswe kuko kokungcola, kunye nokuveliswa kwekhabhoni ephantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-06-2025