Ukucocwa kwe-selenium ecocekileyo kakhulu (≥99.999%) kubandakanya indibaniselwano yeendlela zomzimba nezekhemikhali zokususa ukungcola okufana neTe, Pb, Fe, kunye neAs. Ezi zilandelayo ziinkqubo eziphambili kunye neeparameter:
1. Ukunyibilikisa iVacuum
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo:
1. Beka i-selenium eluhlaza (≥99.9%) kwisiqhumiso se-quartz ngaphakathi kwesithando sokucoca i-vacuum.
2. Fudumeza ukuya kuma-300-500°C phantsi kwe-vacuum (1-100 Pa) imizuzu engama-60-180.
3. Umphunga weSelenium uyajiya kwi-condenser enamanqanaba amabini (inqanaba elisezantsi elinamasuntswana ePb/Cu, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuqokelelwa kweselenium).
4. Qokelela i-selenium kwi-condenser ephezulu; i-碲(Te) kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezibila kakhulu zihlala kwinqanaba elisezantsi.
Iiparameter:
- Ubushushu: 300-500°C
- Uxinzelelo: 1-100 Pa
- Izinto zeCondenser: I-Quartz okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
2. Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali + ukucocwa nge-vacuum
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo:
1. Ukutsha kwe-Oxidation: I-React crude selenium (99.9%) kunye ne-O₂ kwi-500°C ukuze yenze iigesi ze-SeO₂ kunye ne-TeO₂.
2. Ukutsalwa kweSolvent: Nyibilikisa iSeO₂ kwisisombululo samanzi e-ethanol, hluza iTeO₂ precipitate.
3. Ukunciphisa: Sebenzisa i-hydrazine (N₂H₄) ukunciphisa i-SeO₂ ibe yi-elemental selenium.
4. I-De-Te eNzulu: Phinda u-oxide selenium ibe yi-SeO₄²⁻, uze ukhuphe i-Te usebenzisa i-solvent extraction.
5. I-Final Vacuum Distillation: Coca i-selenium kwi-300-500°C kunye ne-1-100 Pa ukuze ufumane ubunyulu be-6N (99.9999%).
Iiparameter:
- Ubushushu be-oxidation: 500°C
- Umthamo weHydrazine: Ukugqithisa ukuqinisekisa ukuncipha ngokupheleleyo.
3. Ukucocwa kwe-Electrolytic
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo:
1. Sebenzisa i-electrolyte (umz., i-selenous acid) enobuninzi bamandla obuyi-5-10 A/dm².
2. I-selenium ifakwa kwi-cathode, ngelixa i-selenium oxides itshintshatshintsha kwi-anode.
Iiparameter:
- Uxinano lwangoku: 5-10 A/dm²
- I-Electrolyte: Isisombululo se-selenous acid okanye i-selenate.
4. Ukutsalwa kweSolvent
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo:
1. Khipha iSe⁴⁺ kwisisombululo usebenzisa iTBP (tributyl phosphate) okanye iTOA (trioctylamine) kwi-hydrochloric okanye kwi-sulfuric acid media.
2. Hluba uze ukhuphe i-selenium, uze uyiphinde uyikhuphe.
Iiparameter:
- I-Extractant: TBP (HCl medium) okanye i-TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Inani lezigaba: 2-3.
5. Ukunyibilika kweNdawo
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo:
1. Zinyibilikise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ii-ingot zeselenium ukuze ususe ukungcola okuncinci.
2. Ifanelekile ukufikelela kubunyulu obungaphezulu kwe-5N kwizixhobo zokuqala ezicocekileyo kakhulu.
Qaphela: Ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwaye ifuna amandla amaninzi.
Ingcebiso yoMfanekiso
Ukuze ufumane ireferensi ebonakalayo, jonga la manani alandelayo avela kuncwadi:
- Ukuseta i-Vacuum Distillation: Isicwangciso senkqubo ye-condenser enamanqanaba amabini.
- Umzobo weSigaba seSe-Te: Ubonisa imingeni yokwahlukana ngenxa yamanqaku asondeleyo okubila.
Iireferensi
- Iindlela zokunyibilikisa nge-vacuum kunye neekhemikhali:
- Ukukhupha i-electrolytic kunye ne-solvent:
- Iindlela eziphambili kunye nemingeni:
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-21-2025