I-Arsenic distillation kunye nenkqubo yokucoca

I-arsenic distillation kunye nenkqubo yokuhlanjululwa yindlela esebenzisa ulwahlulo kwi-volatility ye-arsenic kunye neengqungquthela zayo zokwahlula kunye nokuhlanjululwa, ngokukodwa ngokufanelekileyo ukususa isulfure, i-selenium, i-tellurium kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-arsenic.Nanga amanyathelo angundoqo kunye neengqwalasela:

1.Unyango lwangaphambili lwempahla ekrwada

• Imithombo ye-arsenic ekrwada: idla ngokuba yimveliso yokunyibilikiswa kwezimbiwa ezine-arsenic (umz. i-arsenite, irealgar) okanye inkunkuma ephinda isetyenziswe equlethe i-arsenic.
• Ukuqhotsa i-Oxidative(ukhetho): Ukuba imathiriyeli ekrwada yi-arsenic sulfide (umz. As₂S₃), kufuneka yosiwe kuqala ukuze iguqulelwe kwi-as₂O₃ eguqukayo.

As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2

2.Iyunithi yokucoca

• Izixhobo: I-quartz okanye i-ceramic isekhona (i-corrosion resistant, i-high high temperatures resistant), ixhotyiswe ityhubhu ye-condenser kunye nebhotile yokufumana.
• Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi: I-nitrogen okanye i-carbon dioxide yaziswa ukunqanda i-arsenic oxidation okanye ingozi yokuqhuma (umphunga we-arsenic unokutsha).

3.Inkqubo yokuhluza

• Ulawulo lobushushu:
  • I-Arsenic sublimation: As₂O₃ i-sublimation kwi-500-600 °C (i-arsenic ecocekileyo i-sublimation malunga ne-615 °C).
  • Ukwahlukana kokungcola: ukungcola okubilisa okuphantsi okufana nesulfure kunye ne-selenium zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwaye zinokwahlulwa nge-condensation edibeneyo.
• Ukuqokelelwa kwe-condensation: Umphunga we-arsenic ujiya ube bubunyulu obuphezulu njenge-As₂O₃ okanye i-arsenic ye-elemental kwi-condensation zone (100-200°C).

4.Emva kokulungiswa

• Ukunciphisa(ukuba iarsenic esisiseko iyafuneka): Ukuncipha kweAs₂O₃ ngekhabhoni okanye ihydrogen

As2O3+3H2→2As+3H2OAs2O3+3H2→2As+3H2O

• Vacuum distillation: Ukucocwa ngakumbi kwe-arsenic ye-elemental ukususa ukungcola okushiyekileyo okuguquguqukayo.

5.Ukulumkela

• Ukhuseleko lwetyhefu: Yonke inkqubo ivaliwe ukusebenza, ixhotyiswe nge-arsenic ukuvuza ukufunyanwa kunye nezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo.
• Unyango lwerhasi yomsila: Emva kokujiya, irhasi yomsila kufuneka ifunxwe sisinyibiliko selye (njengeNaOH) okanye i-activated carbon adsorption ukuphepha i-As₂O₃izinto ezikhutshwayo.
• Ukugcinwa kwentsimbi yeArsenic: igcinwe kwindawo engasebenziyo ukukhusela i-oxidation okanye i-deliquescent.

6. UbunyuluUphuculo

• I-distillation enezigaba ezininzi: I-distillation ephindaphindiweyo inokuphucula ubunyulu ngaphezu kwe-99.99%.
• Ukunyibilika kwendawo (ukhetho): Ukulungiswa kwendawo ye-arsenic ye-elemental ukunciphisa ukungcola kwesinyithi.

Iinkalo zesicelo

I-arsenic ecocekileyo isetyenziswa kwizinto ze-semiconductor (umz. ii-GaAsiikristale), izongezo ze-alloy, okanye ekwenzeni iiglasi ezikhethekileyo. Piirocesses kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kokulahlwa kwenkunkuma.